Folium Paliuri Ramosissimi
Aliases：Tieliiba Ye; Xionghuci Ye; Qitoule Ye; Baiji Ye; Tongqianshu Ye.
Ma Jia Zi Ye (Paliurus Leaf) is the name of a traditional Chinese medicine. It is the leaf of Paliurus ramosissimus (Lour.) Poir., a plant in the family Rhamnaceae. It grows in mountainous areas or open fields below 2,000 meters in elevation, either wild or cultivated. Paliurus Leaf has the effect of clearing Heat and removing toxin. It is an authenticated variety of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine's Terminology Standardization and Promotion Project, and is recorded in Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning Materia Medica, Anhui Chinese Herbal Medicine, and other herbal works.
Efficacy & Actions
Clears Heat and removes toxin.
Indications
Flaming Heat and exuberant toxin congested in the skin and muscles, causing carbuncles and deep-rooted abscesses with swelling and pain that fail to rupture and disperse for a long time; damp sores with unremitting itching and continuous oozing.
Modern Pharmacology
Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that Paliurus leaves possess the following significant pharmacological activities: Anti-inflammatory effect: The n-butanol, water, and ethyl acetate fractions of Paliurus leaves are the effective anti-inflammatory fractions, with the n-butanol fraction showing the best effect. It significantly inhibits the elevation of MDA, PGE₂, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in the pleural exudate and lung tissue of carrageenan-induced pleurisy rats (P < 0.01), and possesses effects of inhibiting inflammatory mediator release and anti-lipid peroxidation. Antitumor effect: The ethyl acetate fraction of Paliurus leaves exhibits significant inhibitory effects on various tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner. Paliturusene A and paliturusene B (pentacyclic triterpenoids) isolated from Paliurus leaves possess significant in vitro tumor cell growth inhibitory activity. Antitussive and expectorant effects: Paliurus possesses antitussive and expectorant pharmacological effects. Immunomodulatory effect: Paliurus extract possesses immunomodulatory effects. Note: The above pharmacological findings are largely derived from modern experimental studies on Paliurus leaf extracts and isolated compounds. Dedicated systematic pharmacological research on Paliurus leaves is still ongoing. Traditional actions and indications should remain the primary basis for use.
Ingredients
The leaves of Paliurus ramosissimus mainly contain the following active constituents: Triterpenoids (principal active constituents): paliturusene A and paliturusene B, both betulinic acid-type pentacyclic triterpenoids; betulinaldehyde, betulinic acid, messagenic acid A, and messagenic acid B. Sterols: β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Flavonoids: Contains flavonoid constituents. Others: The main constituents of Paliurus extract include flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, coumarins, as well as glycosides and monomers of the above constituents, and also polysaccharides and cellulose. The leaves also contain lupeol, (+)-γ-tocopherol, and vitamin E. Note: Among the compounds isolated and identified from the ethanol extract of Paliurus leaves, paliturusene A and paliturusene B are new compounds; messagenic acid A, messagenic acid B, betulinaldehyde, and β-sitosterol were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Usage & Dosage
External use: Appropriate amount, pounded and applied topically to the affected area.
Contraindications
Contraindicated during pregnancy. Use with caution in individuals with Spleen-Stomach deficiency cold. Paliurus Leaf is cool in nature; its use by individuals with Spleen-Stomach deficiency cold may aggravate discomfort. Use with caution in individuals with an allergic constitution. If adverse reactions such as skin rashes or diarrhea occur, discontinue use immediately. Use with caution in breastfeeding women and children. Do not consume in excessive amounts. Avoid taking it together with certain medications. Maintain a light diet during use and avoid pungent foods.
Selected Formulas
For carbuncle and swelling (Anhui Chinese Herbal Medicine) Take fresh Ma Jia Zi leaves, add a little brown sugar, crush into a paste, apply to the affected area, and replace when dry. For early-stage carbuncle and sore (Sichuan Chinese Materia Medica, 1960 edition) Take Tie Li Ba leaves, hibiscus leaves, and Jin Hua Tou Cao. Crush together into a pulp and apply externally. For boils, furuncles with swelling and pain, and unnamed toxic swellings (Guangxi Bencao Xuanbian) Take fresh Ma Jia Zi leaves, add a little brown sugar, crush together, and apply externally. For heat pain of the eyes and carbuncle/abscess with suppuration (Nanning City Drug Records) Apply Ma Jia Zi leaves externally.
Medicinal Parts
Leaf.
Selection & Storage
Sun-dried. Store in a dry, well-ventilated place. Protect from moisture and insect damage. Airtight storage is recommended. Avoid direct sunlight. Fresh material should be used promptly or refrigerated for short-term storage.
